Reconstrucción del ligamento colateral ulnar en atletas de béisbol mediante la técnica híbrido DANE TJ / Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament in baseball athletes by DANE TJ hybrid technique / Réparation du ligament collatéral ulnaire par la technique hybride DANE TJ chez les joueurs de baseball

INTRODUCCIÓN: la lesión del ligamento colateral medial del codo es una de las lesiones más frecuentes e incapacitantes en los atletas de béisbol. En muchos pacientes se requiere de una reconstrucción de esta estructura para lo cual se han descrito varias técnicas. OBJETIVO: evaluar los resultados de la técnica híbrido DANE TJ para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia del ligamento colateral ulnar en nuestros pacientes. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio en 12 jugadores de béisbol de alto rendimiento con diagnóstico de lesión del ligamento colateral medial, que no resolvieron con tratamiento conservador, por lo que se les aplicó tratamiento quirúrgico mediante la técnica híbrido DANE TJ. RESULTADOS: la mayoría de los atletas son lanzadores (75 %). En 9 de los 12 pacientes (75 %) existía algún grado de choque postero-medial. La neuritis del cubital estaba presente en el 58,3 % de los pacientes en los cuales se realizó transposición subcutánea anterior del nervio cubital. En 2 pacientes (16,7 %) se presentó un cuadro de parestesias transitorias del nervio cubital que se resolvió con tratamiento conservador. La puntuación promedio de la intensidad del dolor preoperatorio según la Escala Visual Analógica era de 8,1 puntos y se redujo a 1,4 después de un año de la intervención. El resultado fue excelente o bueno en el 83,3 % de los pacientes los cuales se incorporaron a sus actividades deportivas. CONCLUSIONES: la técnica híbrido que combina la fijación del injerto al húmero mediante la técnica Docking con la fijación al cúbito mediante tornillo interferencial, es de fácil ejecución, produce un mínimo daño a los tejidos blandos, y permite lograr un resultado similar al resto de los estudios revisados.

INTRODUCTION: the medial collateral ligament injury of the elbow joint is one of the most common and disabling injuries in baseball athletes. In many patients, a reconstruction of this structure is requires for which several techniques have been described. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the results of DANE TJ hybrid technique for treating ulnar collateral ligament insufficiency in our patients. METHODS: a study was conducted in 12 high-performance baseball players who were diagnosed to suffer medial collateral ligament injury. They did not heel with conservative treatment, so surgical treatment was applied by DANE TJ hybrid technique. RESULTS: most athletes are pitchers (75 %). 9 out of 12 patients (75 %) had some degree of posteromedial shock. Ulnar neuritis was present in 58.3 % of patients in whom anterior subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve was performed. Transient ulnar nerve paresthesia occurred in 2 patients (16.7 %), which were remedied with conservative treatment. The average intensity of preoperative pain score according to the Visual Analogue Scale was 8.1 points and dropped to 1.4 after one year of intervention. The result was excellent or good in 83.3 % of patients who returned to their sports activities. CONCLUSIONS: the hybrid technique that combines the humerus graft fixation by Docking technique fixing the ulna using interferential screw is easily accomplished, minimal damage to soft tissue is caused, and similar results are achieved in comparison to the other studies reviewed.

INTRODUCTION: la lésion du ligament collatéral médial du coude est l'une des lésions les plus fréquentes et invalidantes chez les joueurs de baseball. Dans plusieurs cas, une réparation de cette structure s'avère nécessaire, c'est pourquoi plusieurs techniques opératoires ont été décrites. OBJECTIF: le but de cette étude est d'évaluer les résultats de la technique hybride DANE TJ dans le traitement de cette atteinte du ligament collatéral ulnaire chez nos patients. MÉTHODES: une étude de 12 joueurs de baseball de haut niveau, diagnostiqués d'une lésion du ligament collatéral médial, est réalisée. N'ayant pas répondu au traitement conservateur, on a décidé de leur traiter chirurgicalement par la technique hybride DANE TJ. RÉSULTATS: Neuf sur douze de ces joueurs, dont la plupart sont des lanceurs (75 %), souffraient un certain grade de choc postéro-médial. On a trouvé une névrite cubitale dans 53.3 % des patients ayant donc subi une transposition antérieure sous-cutanée du nerf cubital. Le score moyen de l'intensité de la douleur préopératoire, selon l'Échelle visuelle analogique, était 8.1 points, et a diminué 1.4 points un an après l'opération. Les résultats ont été excellents ou bons dans 83.3 % des patients qui sont donc rentrés aux activités sportives. CONCLUSIONS: la technique hybride combinant la fixation du greffon à l'humérus par la technique Docking et la fixation au cubitus par vis d'interférence est facile à réaliser; elle cause un dommage insignifiant aux tissus mous, et permet d'obtenir un résultat similaire au reste des études révisées.

Does Well Maintained Graft Provide Consistent Return to Play after Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction of the Elbow Joint in Elite Baseball Players?

BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported the clinical outcomes of medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) reconstruction of the elbow joint in throwing athletes, including the rate of return to sports. However, little has been known about the imaging outcomes after MUCL reconstruction. The aim of this study is to report the clinical and imaging outcomes after MUCL reconstruction using figure of eight fashion in the elite and professional baseball players. METHODS: This study included 17 baseball players, who underwent MUCL reconstruction between July 2007 and May 2010. The average follow-up period was 48.6 months. Imaging assessment consisted of preoperative plain and stress radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, and postoperative serial ultrasonography. The clinical assessments were composed of visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, range of motion, and the Conway scale. RESULTS: The mean VAS score was 6.4 (range, 3 to 8) preoperatively and 2.2 (range, 0 to 4) postoperatively (p < 0.05). There were nine players (53%) classified as excellent who returned to sports at the same or higher level compared to preinjury. Serial ultrasonography revealed well-maintained grafts at 3 and 12 months in all of the players. Five out of 17 players showed decreased echogenecity in the common flexor tendon at 3 months, which was considered as remaining tissue swelling and resolved completely at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: All grafts are well-maintained until 12-months based on the ultrasonographic findings, although only 53% of the players returned to preinjury level.

El ultrasonido en el estudio del síndrome de codo doloroso: [revisión] / Ultrasound in the study of elbow pain syndrome: [review]

La ultrasonografía es una herramienta útil para la evaluación de las anormalidades del codo, especialmente aquellas relacionadas con artropatías inflamatorias, mecánicas y degenerativas, al deporte, con actividades repetitivas o con entesitis. Es una herramienta dinámica que permite evaluar tanto estructuras extraarticulares como los ligamentos, tendones, músculos, bursas, entesis, nervios y vasos, así como las estructuras intraarticulares como los recesos articulares, cartílagos y superficies óseas articuladas. El objetivo de esta revision es brindar una actualizacion del uso de este método de imagen en las patologías más frecuentes que afectan el codo.

Ultrasonography is a useful tool for evaluation of abnormalities of the elbow, especially those related to inflammatory arthritis, mechanical and degenerative diseases, sports with repetitive activities or enthesitis. It is a dynamic tool that provides an evaluation of extra-articular structures such as ligaments, tendons, muscles, bursas, enthesis, nerves and vessels, as well as intra-articular structures such as joint recess, cartilage and bone surfaces articulated. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the use of this method of image in the most common diseases that affect the elbow.

Role of the oblique ligament in the integrity of the medial collateral ligament of the canine elbow joint

It was studied the arrangement of the collagen fibrils of the medial collateral ligament of the canine elbow joint and evaluated its diameter, when it was isolated or associated to the oblique ligament and loaded in tension until failure. Eighteen joints were divided in three groups. The first group had the medial collateral ligament collected and not loaded, the second group had the medial collateral ligament tested separately and the third group had both ligaments associately tested. Medial collateral ligament not submitted to strain presented a wavy and reticular pattern of the collagen fibers, which was not totally destroyed when it was loaded associated to the oblique ligament, and totally loses the reticular pattern when stretched separately. When the medial collateral ligament was loaded in tension separately, the mean collagen fibrils diameter increased in relation to the group not submitted to the tensile strain. Associated to the oblique ligament, the mean collagen fibrils diameter was the largest in the insertion area and the smallest in the mid-substance, in relation to the other groups. It was concluded that the oblique ligament could favor the integrity of the medial collateral ligament insertion area, facilitating its reconstruction after lesion with larger efficiency.

Foram estudados o arranjo e o diâmetro médio das fibrilas colágenas do ligamento colateral medial da articulação do cotovelo do cão, isolado ou associado ao ligamento oblíquo e tracionado até a ruptura. Dezoito articulações foram divididas em três grupos. O primeiro grupo teve o ligamento colateral medial coletado, mas não tracionado; o segundo grupo teve o ligamento colateral medial tracionado isoladamente; o terceiro grupo teve os ligamentos colateral medial e oblíquo tracionados associadamente. O ligamento colateral medial não submetido ao ensaio de tração apresentou um padrão ondulado das fibras colágenas, o qual não foi totalmente destruído quando foi tracionado, associado ao ligamento oblíquo, e perdeu totalmente o padrão reticular das fibras colágenas quando testado isoladamente. Quando o ligamento colateral medial foi submetido à tensão isoladamente, o diâmetro médio das fibrilas colágenas aumentou em relação ao grupo não submetido à tensão. Associado ao ligamento oblíquo, o diâmetro médio das fibrilas colágenas foi o maior na região de inserção e o menor na região média, em relação aos outros grupos. Concluiu-se que o ligamento oblíquo pode favorecer a integridade da região de inserção do ligamento colateral medial, aumentando a eficácia de sua reconstrução após a lesão.

Terrible triad of the elbow: a case report of a new variant.

The usual terrible triad of the elbow consists of posterior dislocation of the elbow, radial head fracture and coronoid fracture. We describe a new variant of the terrible triad of the elbow consisting of fracture of the capitellum involving the full length of the trochlea and posterolateral dislocation of the elbow associated with coronoid fracture (type 1 Regan-Morrey). A 25-year-old girl was brought to the emergency ward with the history of having jumped from the third floor with an intention of committing suicide. She sustained multiple fractures, i.e, fracture ribs, bilateral intra-articular fracture of the lower end of the radius, left-side elbow injury, left subtrochanteric fracture femur and left zygomatic fracture with head injury. The elbow was stable after stabilization of the capitellum fracture through a collateral approach. Coronoid fragment was left alone, as it was a very small fragment.

Tratamento da lesäo aguda do ligamento colateral ulnar do polegar: emprego da miniâncura / Repair of thumb's ulnar colateral ligament: use of minianchor

Os autores apresentam resultados preliminares de estudo de viabilidade do emprego da miniâncora na reparação da lesão aguda do ligamento colateral ulnar (LCU) da articulação metacarpofalangiana do polegar ("gamekeeper", "polegar do esquiador"). Foram operados sete pacientes com tal lesão; todos apresentavam abertura > 30 graus na radiografia de estresse. Foram analisados fatores tais como idade, sexo, mecanismo de lesão, tempo decorrido até o atendimento, presença de lesão de Stener e local da avulsão ligamentar. O tempo de seguimento médio foi de oito meses; foi investigado o grau de movimentação articular e a força de pinça em relação ao outro lado, presença de dor ou instabilidade e o tempo para o retorno às atividades. São demonstrados detalhes técnicos do uso daminiâncora, comparados com a técnica do "pull-out" e com a revisão da literatura. Concluem que se trata de método simples que torna a cirurgia menos trabalhosa e proporciona boa estabilidade articular.